Oligopoly

Oligopoly is a type of market structure that has few companies but with huge capital bases. ‘Few firms’ in this case are taken to mean that the activities of one firm are largely influenced by the activities of the rest of the firms in the industry. In other words, interdependence is eminent. Should one firm, for instance, decide to change the price or make any other fundamental decision, others will follow suit.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Oligopoly specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such examples would include the print media such as the Newspaper Industry. All companies would decide to charge same prices not because of their individual choices but because of the demands of the market. Readership (sales) in this case will depend on factors other than the price, such as the efficiency of distribution channels (accessibility), quality of the content, subscription and publicity. These facto rs are popular referred to as non- price aspects of competition. Cost Revenue Equilibrium in Oligopoly Any rational firm in an oligopolistic market cannot increase the price above P because it knows very well (perfect knowledge) that it would be pricing itself out of the market, since other firms in the industry will most probably keep their prices stable at P and therefore having a high relative demand. The objective demand is represented by d2. K is not attainable since an increase in price by an individual firm above P will lead to a fall in the quantity demanded, taken from the demand curve D1 K. Again, the price cannot be reduced below P since each firm knows well in advance that any such move would be followed by the rest of the firms in the industry with a view to maintaining their market shares. Thus, the subjective demand Kd1 cannot be individually taken as an advantage because of the tendency for simultaneous pricing decisions. Therefore, there is a high tendency for pric es to remain rigid at P, with the relevant market demand curve being D1 D2 with a kink at point K. The high degree of substitutability of oligopoly products makes the demand for products to be highly price elastic. Oligopoly in the market describes a situation in which firms are price makers. Product differentiation and supernormal profits are earned both in the short run and long run. Because sellers are few, the decisions of sellers are mutually inter-dependent and they cannot ignore each other because the actions of one will affect others (Kreps, 1990).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Pricing and Output Decisions of the Firm The price and the output shall depend on whether the firm operates in either pure oligopoly or differentiated oligopoly. Oligopoly market normally differentiates its products. But this differentiation might either be weak or strong. Pure olig opoly describes the situation where differentiation of the product is weak. Pricing and output in pure oligopoly can be collusive or non-collusive. Collusive oligopoly refers to a situation where there is co-operation among the sellers that is, co-ordination of prices. Collusion can be Formal or Informal. Formal collusive oligopoly refers to a situation where firms come together to protect their interests for instance, cartels such as OPEC. In this case, members enter into a formal agreement by which the market is shared among them. The single decision maker will set the market price and the quantity offered for sale in the industry. There is a central agency which sets the price. The maximized joint profits are distributed among firms based on an agreed formula. Informal collusive oligopoly can arise mainly because of two reasons. One of them is when the cartel may be weak or unable because of legal requirements or some may be some firms do not want to enter into an agreement or lo se their freedom of action completely. Firms may find it mutually beneficial for them not to engage in price competition. When a cartel does not exist then firms will collude by covert gentlemanly agreement or by spontaneous co-ordination designed to avoid the effects of price war. One such means by which firms can agree is by price leadership. One firm sets the price and others follow with or without understanding (Vives, 1999). When this policy is adopted, firms enter into a tacit market-sharing agreement. Price Leadership There are two types of price leadership. One of them is referred to as the by a low-cost firm pricing model. When there is a conflict of interests among Oligopolists arising from cost differentials, the firms can explicitly or implicitly agree on how to share the market in which the low-cost firm sets the price. We can assume that the low cost firm takes the biggest share of the market. Another price leadership model is referred to as the price leadership by a l arge firm. Some Oligopoly markets consist of one large firm and a number of smaller ones. In this case, the larger firm sets the price and allows the smaller firms to sell at that price and then supplies the rest of the quantity.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Oligopoly specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Each smaller firm behaves as if in a purely competitive market where price is given and each firm sells without affecting the price because each will sell. The formula can be given as follows. MC = P = MR = AR Non-collusive oligopoly on the other hand operates in the absence of collusion and in a situation of great uncertainty. In this case, if one firm raises prices, it is likely to lose a substantial proportion of customers to its rivals. They will not raise the prices because they have the interests of charging a price that is lower than that of their rivals. If the firm lowers the price, it would att ract a large proportion of customers. The other firms are likely to retaliate by lowering their prices, either to the same extent or a large extent. The first firm will retaliate by lowering the price even further. As firms would always expect a counter-strategy from rivals, each firm prices and makes decisions that are tactical. This would then lead to a price war. If it goes on, there would come a time when the prices are so low that if one firm lowers the price, the consumers will see no point in changing from their traditional suppliers. Thus, the demand for the product of the individual firm would start by being elastic and it would end by being inelastic. The demand curve for the product of the individual firm thus consists of two parts, the elastic part and the inelastic part. It is said to be â€Å"kinked’ demand curve, as shown below (Samuelson, Marks 2003). Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If the firm is on the inelastic part and it raises the price, others will not follow suit. But on this part, prices are so low that it is likely to retain most of its customers. If it raises the prices beyond the kink, it would lose most of its customers to rivals. Hence, the price p will lose most of its customers to rivals. Hence the price p will be the stable price because above it, prices would be unstable. Rising prices means substantial loss of customers and lowering prices may lead to price war. Below p, prices would be considered too low. References Kreps, D. (1990). A Course in Microeconomic Theory. Princeton: Princeton Press. Samuelson, W., Marks, S. (2003). Managerial Economics page (4th ed). New York: Wiley. Vives, X. (1999). Oligopoly pricing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. This research paper on Oligopoly was written and submitted by user Bridget Warren to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Time Travelers Wife Essays

Time Travelers Wife Essays Time Travelers Wife Essay Time Travelers Wife Essay 2012-07410March 15, 2013 ENG 2 G-3RDraft no. 1 The Time Traveler’s Wife (Film) A Reaction Paper Why is love intensified by absence? (Niffenegger, 2003) The Time Travelers Wife is a romantic drama film directed by Robert Schwentke and was based on a novel by Audrey Niffenegger of the same title. The film tells the story of Henry DeTamble (Eric Bana), a librarian who suffers from a genetic disorder that causes him to jump back and forth in time, and Clare Abshire (Rachel McAdams), as they endeavor to live a happy and normal life. In the early 1970s, a six year-old Henry survives a car accident wherein his mother died. The tension before the impact enabled him to travel back two weeks before the accident. He was then transported back into the present and witnessed the death of his mother before him. An older version of him tries to help Henry by explaining that he is indeed a time traveler. Henry finds himself living the past, present, and future at the same time. In 1991, Henry meets for the first time an art student named Clare. Though she is delighted to see him, Henry was not able to recognize her. She later reveals that the future Henry time traveled and met the six year old Clare. They develop a relationship and Henry finally felt permanence in his life. Subsequently, the couple enters a married life which will be teemed with obstacles brought about by Henry’s condition. The film Time Traveler’s Wife employed time travel as one of main character’s flaw and strong point at the same time expressing the love story that attracts most of the women audience. Its title and movie trailer just provides sufficient ideas that will make you think about it and finally watch the film. Considering the fact that it was primarily based on a book, it can be posited that the story was crammed and made to fit in the specific amount of time. This caused the movie to lose its richness which left the supporting characters with little exposure who may have contributed to the audience’s understanding and interpretation and to the story’s further development. Moreover, the film focused too much on the love story of Henry and Clare and ignored the other characters’ involvement and influence on the main characters’ decision as opposed to the book. Critiques aside, the story was very poignant. It provided various themes such as the importance of time, love, family, marriage, sex and reality. Love was expressed and interpreted by the characters in various ways- physical lovemaking, Clare’s patience (or impatience) for waiting Henry from his travels, and sacrifices that each of them made in their pursuit of happiness. It was emphasized that love is an important aspect of life that overcomes and recognizes no obstacles. The film also gives the audience the idea of struggle between life as something that is already written and pre-determined, and the capacity or power of our free will and choices. Sex and racism, to some extent, is depicted in the movie. It shows the importance of physical connection to the intimacy of the main characters. In addition, the character of Eric Bana criticized the Republicans and hunters. Lastly, versions of reality were presented- that of Henry’s and of Clare’s. It gives the audience the impression that reality is subjective and thereby influenced by emotions. Time Traveler’s Wife can be considered as a carpe diem movie. Although it contains a timeline structure that is quite confusing for the viewers and disturbing scenes and language, the film earns the audience awe and tears by the story of two lovers who are victims of the unpredictable fate.

How and When to Use the French Preposition Sur

How and When to Use the French Preposition Sur The French preposition sur, one of the most common in the French language,  usually means on, but it has a few other meanings as well depending on what its used with. Here they are. Location un livre sur la table   a book on the tablesur ma route   on my waysur la photo   in the photographsur le stade /  le marchà ©Ã‚   at the stadium / marketsur la chaussà ©e, le boulevard, lavenue   in the road, boulevard, avenueIl neige sur tout le Canada.   Its snowing all over Canada. Direction tourner sur la gauche   to turn to the leftrevenir sur Paris   to return to Paris Approximate time arriver sur les six heures   to arrive around 6 oclockElle va sur ses 50 ans.   Shes going on 50 (years old).sur une pà ©riode dun an   over a period / the course of a year Proportion/Ratio trois fois sur quatre   three times out of four​un enfant sur cinq   one child in fiveune semaine sur deux   every other week Subject/Topic un article sur les roses   an article on rosesune causerie sur là ©galità ©Ã‚   a talk on/about equality After Some Verbs Followed by an Indirect Object Sur  is also required after certain  French verbs  and phrases that are followed by an  indirect object. Note that there is sometimes no equivalent preposition in English but the French usage is idiomatic. Such verbs and phrase include: acheter quelque chose sur le marchà ©   to buy something at the marketappuyer sur  (le bouton)  Ã‚  to press (the button)appuyer sur  (le mur)  Ã‚  to lean (on the wall)arriver sur  (midi)  Ã‚  to arrive at around (noon)compter sur  Ã‚  to count onconcentrer sur  Ã‚  to concentrate oncopier sur quelquun  Ã‚  to copy from someonecroire quelquun sur parole  Ã‚  to take someones word, to take someone at his worddiriger son attention sur  Ã‚  to direct ones attention todonner sur  Ã‚  to overlook, open ontoà ©crire sur  Ã‚  to write aboutsendormir sur  (un livre, son travail)  Ã‚  to fall asleep (over a book, at work)sà ©tendre sur  Ã‚  to spread out overfermer la porte sur  (vous, lui)  Ã‚  to close the door behind (you, him)interroger quelquun sur quelque chose  Ã‚  to question someone about somethingse jeter sur quelquun  Ã‚  to throw oneself upon someoneloucher sur  Ã‚  to ogleprendre modà ¨le sur quelquun  Ã‚  to model oneself on som eonequestionner quelquun sur quelque chose  Ã‚  to question someone about somethingrà ©flà ©chir sur  Ã‚  to think about, reflect upon rà ©gner sur  Ã‚  to reign overrejeter une faute sur quelquun  Ã‚  to place the blame on someonerester sur la dà ©fensive  Ã‚  to stay on the defensiverester sur ses gardes  Ã‚  to keep ones guard uprevenir sur  (un sujet)  Ã‚  to go back over (a topic)sauter sur une occasion  Ã‚  to jump at an opportunitytirer sur  Ã‚  to shoot attourner sur  (là ©glise, la droite)  Ã‚  to turn (toward the church, right)

What evidence is there that the Iliad was composed before the art of Research Paper

What evidence is there that the Iliad was composed before the art of writing was applied to the composition of poetry - Research Paper Example The two sets of evidence are considered together with the intention of finding a definitive answer to this question. In the introduction to the text of the poem in English G.S. Kirk points out that the Greeks started to use writing around 725 B.C. which was relatively late compared to their neighbours, the Mesopotamians who had used their cuneiform script for some thousand years already. (Kirk, 2008, p. ix). Using items like figure scenes and vases, quotations in other poets, and mention of the Iliad and Odyssey in other surviving writings, Kirk notes that historians have dated the composition of The Iliad been around this time, or possibly as late as 680 B.C,. Archaeological evidence and historic individuals mentioned in the text would suggest that the battles between the Greeks and the Trojans which are described in the poem took place another 600 years before the time of Homer, around 1200 B.C. This means that a very long time had passed before the material came to be worked on by Homer. It is theoretically possible that even older oral versions existed on which Homer perhaps based his work. There is no evidence of this, however, and so older sources have to remain a speculation. It is clear that in the time of Homer, Greek civilization was not heavily dependent on writing. There are some inscriptions from this period but they are very brief. The technical limitations of the early Greek script made it unlikely that Homer could have made much use of it as a writing aid for such a long poem, according to Kirk. Moreover, Kirk points out that the audience for the poem were certainly not readers: â€Å" He (= Homer) composed for people who were essentially non-literate, who listened to poetry as their ancestors had†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kirk, 2008, p. x) This dating evidence proves that there was plenty of poetry existing in written form before Homer came along. The Epic of Gilgamesh, for example, was written in Sumerian script, and dates from around 2000 B.C., well be fore the Trojan wars. The Iliad was composed in Greek many centuries after this, and so in an absolute sense it is not true to say that it was composed before anyone had used writing for poetry. In a local and Greek sense, however, this is a possibility worth investigation, because the Greeks may indeed have composed, performed, heard,and preserved The Iliad in only oral form. Scholars have carefully studied the surviving text of The Iliad to try and work out if there are clues to its origin in the way it is written. The presence of many formulaic phrases which are repeated again and again is explained as a feature of oral literature: the hexameter form requires that a certain rhythm be maintained, and so these ready-made little phrases are called upon to fill spaces in the poetic line in a predictable way. An example of this is the way the named characters in the epic have a little descriptive phrase attached to them such as â€Å"Agamemnon, Atreus’ son† (Book 1, p. 1 ) which is varied as â€Å"The son of Atreus,/ ruler of the great plain, Agamemnon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Book 1, p. 3) or â€Å"†¦ son of Atreus, tamer of horses (Book 2, p. 18). These epithets add interest to the story because the heroes are mentioned often, and it could become even more repetitive if the simple names were used without these variations. Finnegan explains the so-called â€Å"Homeric epithet† as a structural device: â€Å"The poet had at his disposal this series of traditional patterns built up over

Financial Instruments & Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Instruments & Markets - Essay Example The existing stockholders are amenable to fund this amount. This can be done by issuing additional shares, and exercising the rights issue, wherein existing stockholders have the first prerogative to subscription rights; this means they are invited to subscribe cash for new shares in proportion to its existing shares. Rights issue simply means, for example: a one-in-four rights, is offering stockholders one share for every four shares they currently hold. Issuing additional shares of stocks to fund all the requirements is not advisable because of the difficulty with having too many stockholders. Too many stockholders make the complexity of direction and managing the governing board too difficult. It would be hard to make simple decisions because new stockholders may like to have their own positions in the company as there is also politics in directorship, thus the management lose a certain portion of its power. (Business Link) The beauty of equity financing as against bond and debentures is that it is devoted to the business or projects and company only pay investors if the business is doing well. It does not require monthly or periodic payments to investors, only periodic interests thru dividends. The company will not have to be burdened of servicing bank debts or debt finance for allowing use of their funds. The disadvantages seen in equity financing is this method is time consuming, demanding, and costly, and may take away the manager’s time away from the company; and the process will require the company to divulge to potential investors the company’s secrets such as background, programs, and forecasts (Barclay, Britt, 27 October 2011), 3. Installation of equipment in the amount of $150 million. This requires a long term financing, and since it fall s above the equity shares to be issued by the company, issuance of debentures is

Breathe Right Strips Essay -- Chronic Nasal Congestion Health CNS Essa

Breath Right Strips Introduction According to the text, Breathe Right Strips were invented by Bruce Johnson, a chronic nasal congestion sufferer. Mr. Johnson Brought his creation to CNS Inc. CNS took the product and primarily marketed it to sports teams, nasal sufferers and night-time snorers. The product really became prominent when Jerry Rice of the San Francisco 49ers wore the product in the Super Bowl. According to cns.com, Breathe Right Strips is also available in vapor strips, clear and tan strips, and nasal strips for kids. Some of the other products include nasal spray, throat spray, fiberchoice and a portable vaporizer. Armed with these few, but strong products in 1995 CNS, decided to go global. Summary of the Facts The facts are that that there are advantages and disadvantages of CNS going global with the product. The advantages are that CNS can attempt to increase its market share and not have to rely on only domestic dollars, partnerships can begin to develop between local suppliers, and they can avoid costs of domestic licensing. The disadvantages are that there are local customs that need to be considered, the lack of name recognition of the brand, there may be stronger global competition, the international company may be used to different marketing, and there may be different trade regulations. The decision for CNS to go global takes careful analysis and an international strategy. Analysis The strategy that CNS decided to use is the three-stage approach. Stage 1 is Explore/test concept. Stage two is the Establish the product, and stage three is Manage the product. Using the SWOT analysis, I will analyze their marketing approach as it pertains to entering international territory. The strengths are that breathe right has already shown that it could successfully market the product in North America and make it a success. They have proven that they can package the product to tailor it to the international market, which would allow then to penetrate the market and refine messages for the local market as spelled out in stage 2 of their strategy. They have the ability to identify potential partners in the local global markets. When they first entered the global market, they partner with 3M, who had a handle on the marketing practices of the global market. According to The Business Journal, they regained control of their ... ...ons to attract people that are unaware of the product. They can also opt to do what they have always done, because the product is successful. To take the do-nothing approach is dreadful, because the competition is out there lurking, just waiting for CNS to rest on their laurels. Conclusion The CNS Company is already a successful company due to the achievements of its breathing right strips. In my analysis we learned that they already do a lot of things right. What they need to be aware of is the different economical situations in the global marketplace, there are different ways that the product is approved abroad, and there is competition lurking. CNS needs to continue to leverage their strengths, but capitalize on their opportunities and benchmark the competition. Works Cited Kerin, Hartley, Berkowitz, and Rudelius. Marketing McGraw Hill 8th Edition â€Å"CNS Inc. to regain control of Breathe Right international sales from 3M† The Business Journal Minneapolis-St.Paul: 11 Oct. 1999 â€Å"Innovative Solutions to Everyday Problems† 2004 http://www.cns.com/products/products.html â€Å"1-2-3 Breathe† 2004 http://www.ginmiller.com/gmf04/gmfstore/healthbeauty/123breeathe.htm Breathe Right Strips Essay -- Chronic Nasal Congestion Health CNS Essa Breath Right Strips Introduction According to the text, Breathe Right Strips were invented by Bruce Johnson, a chronic nasal congestion sufferer. Mr. Johnson Brought his creation to CNS Inc. CNS took the product and primarily marketed it to sports teams, nasal sufferers and night-time snorers. The product really became prominent when Jerry Rice of the San Francisco 49ers wore the product in the Super Bowl. According to cns.com, Breathe Right Strips is also available in vapor strips, clear and tan strips, and nasal strips for kids. Some of the other products include nasal spray, throat spray, fiberchoice and a portable vaporizer. Armed with these few, but strong products in 1995 CNS, decided to go global. Summary of the Facts The facts are that that there are advantages and disadvantages of CNS going global with the product. The advantages are that CNS can attempt to increase its market share and not have to rely on only domestic dollars, partnerships can begin to develop between local suppliers, and they can avoid costs of domestic licensing. The disadvantages are that there are local customs that need to be considered, the lack of name recognition of the brand, there may be stronger global competition, the international company may be used to different marketing, and there may be different trade regulations. The decision for CNS to go global takes careful analysis and an international strategy. Analysis The strategy that CNS decided to use is the three-stage approach. Stage 1 is Explore/test concept. Stage two is the Establish the product, and stage three is Manage the product. Using the SWOT analysis, I will analyze their marketing approach as it pertains to entering international territory. The strengths are that breathe right has already shown that it could successfully market the product in North America and make it a success. They have proven that they can package the product to tailor it to the international market, which would allow then to penetrate the market and refine messages for the local market as spelled out in stage 2 of their strategy. They have the ability to identify potential partners in the local global markets. When they first entered the global market, they partner with 3M, who had a handle on the marketing practices of the global market. According to The Business Journal, they regained control of their ... ...ons to attract people that are unaware of the product. They can also opt to do what they have always done, because the product is successful. To take the do-nothing approach is dreadful, because the competition is out there lurking, just waiting for CNS to rest on their laurels. Conclusion The CNS Company is already a successful company due to the achievements of its breathing right strips. In my analysis we learned that they already do a lot of things right. What they need to be aware of is the different economical situations in the global marketplace, there are different ways that the product is approved abroad, and there is competition lurking. CNS needs to continue to leverage their strengths, but capitalize on their opportunities and benchmark the competition. Works Cited Kerin, Hartley, Berkowitz, and Rudelius. Marketing McGraw Hill 8th Edition â€Å"CNS Inc. to regain control of Breathe Right international sales from 3M† The Business Journal Minneapolis-St.Paul: 11 Oct. 1999 â€Å"Innovative Solutions to Everyday Problems† 2004 http://www.cns.com/products/products.html â€Å"1-2-3 Breathe† 2004 http://www.ginmiller.com/gmf04/gmfstore/healthbeauty/123breeathe.htm

Interview Mental Health Counselors Essay

For many years, the role of the mental health counselor has worked behind the seams trying to provide the much need help to special clients, or under privileged families and his or her siblings. The first interview was very interesting, this particular gentlemen was willing to provide answers for the questions asked of him. First he stated that working in the mental health field for 25 years. Held other positions such as child protective services, social worker, rehabilitation counselor, case manager, group home counselor, psychiatric unit worker, and school counselor, (Hunter, 2013). He stated it was an immense and rewarding to assist families with young children or help a disabled individual access a resource for additional support. Personally, achieving the goals of becoming a Licensed Professional Counselor, National Certified Counselor, and National Certified Counselor, and National Board School Counselor have been very rewarding, (Hunter, 2013). He continues to attend workshops and currently working on PhD in mental health counseling education. The counseling theory cognitive-behavioral. By remaining clam and allowing the parent or client the opportunity to vent/talk and give the reason that they are upset and what is needed for them to calm down. It the clients has an issue or concern beyond my scope of practice or expertise. The client’s problem evokes personal feelings that would jeopardize his ethical and objectivity in working with the individual. No new programs at this time. It is extremely difficult as a mental health counselor with the other mandated duties. Group counseling is very important and can be beneficial to many students. Most  school and other organizations in which I work for are receptive to working groups into a schedule, (Hunter, 2013). Family time, vacations, resting, and relaxing, reading, attending church, and listening to music. By making certain that what he or she is doing ethical, morale, and researched-based practices to achieve the best results. The level of clients and students as it give me the opportunity to assist parents with building a strong positive foundation for everyone. This assists them with success throughout his or her life. Assist the student or clients to be empathetic and think about the other individual’s point of view and what can be done to bridge the issues that may be at the center of the conflicts. Assisting school administrators in creating a warm, friendly, caring, and nurturing environment in which all stakeholders are appreciated and valued. The counselor should work with students in need of conflict resolution skills and anger management issues as well as preventing bullying and enforcing the state and national bullying policies. By encouraging students to go back to class and follow teacher’s directions to receiving getting an education will help him or her be successful. Inspiring and motivating individuals to pursue the counseling field as an area of study, (Hunter, 2013). The other person interview was a mental health counselor for 20 years dealing with the domestic violence. The counselor actually could see client’s make the transformation from an abuser to someone who takes responsibility and is accountable for his or her actions. The most rewarding experience is to see a person emerge from his or her comfort zone, try the strategies and to have those strategies to work for him or her. As a counselor, you must be able to sell new ways or ideas to the people you are working with, (Solomon, 2013). It seems as though things change daily in this field, either with your reimbursement agencies or through the state. One thing that counselors are required to do is to obtain 45 hours of CEU’s every two years to renew your license. In addition to those hours, read studies, journals, books, and talk with other to stay on top of the counseling field. The counseling theory is CBT. It is widely used because it is an action theory that required that clients work at becoming better. Assignments are given to the client to do after the session is over, and it works well if the client will do as suggested, (Solomon, 2013). When dealing, with an irate client the first step will always be verbal de-escalation. If this does not work, you may have your partner to  walk with the client because you almost are the source of anger for the client. Also it is never a good idea to be in a building alone with a client for that very reason. Never put your hands on a client! Refer a person to another professional when his or her problem is beyond your scope of expertise. If the client begin to exhibit motions counterproductive to him or her getting better. This interviewee stated that she handles stress by reading, listen to music and sometimes â€Å"shop-talk† with coworkers. Exercise is also a good stress reliever! As for dealing with personality conflicts, she would have to see who is involved, (Solomon, 2013). Once this has been established the counselor will be able to obtain that person to make the necessary adjustments to be civil toward the other. Both interviewees stated in motivating other, he or she would try to find his or her person out of his or her comfort zone. What ultimately makes is accompanied in a mutual search to see who gets who he is and decide from their privacy (Whiston, 2008). Conclusion In conclusion, to my surprise and understanding, as prior interviewee, family issues, and problems have a significant impact upon the decisions being made. This is because blood relations have been for quite some time, yet we must keep all our feelings and emotions aside and give out neutral, justified decisions, which would somehow benefit the person and make the life of the counselor easier in the light of giving decisions for better judgment, understanding, and comprehension. References Hunter, J. (2013, January 24). Interviewed by L. Hendricks Solomon, Y. (2013, January 26). Interviewed by L. Hendricks Whiston, S.C. and Rahardja, D. (2008) â€Å"Vocational counseling process and outcome in S. Brown and R. Lent (Eds.)† Handbook of counseling psychology, (4th ed). NY: Wiley